Gutenberg Open Science: Effectiveness and safety of over-the-counter tooth-whitening agents compared to hydrogen peroxide in vitro

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-9097

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DC Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Müller-Heupt, Lena Katharina	-
dc.contributor.author	Wiesmann-Imilowski, Nadine	-
dc.contributor.author	Kaya, Sebahat	-
dc.contributor.author	Schumann, Sven	-
dc.contributor.author	Steiger, Maximilian	-
dc.contributor.author	Bjelopavlovic, Monika	-
dc.contributor.author	Deschner, James	-
dc.contributor.author	Al-Nawas, Bilal	-
dc.contributor.author	Lehmann, Karl Martin	-
dc.date.accessioned	2023-05-22T08:56:03Z	-
dc.date.available	2023-05-22T08:56:03Z	-
dc.date.issued	2023	-
dc.identifier.uri	https://openscience.ub.uni-mainz.de/handle/20.500.12030/9114	-
dc.description.abstract	(1) This study investigated the whitening effect, cytotoxicity and enamel surface alterations induced by different over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents in comparison to hydrogen peroxide. (2) Human teeth (n = 60) were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n = 10), stained with coffee solution for 7 d, followed by a whitening period of 7 d with either placebo, bromelain, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chlorite, PAP or hydrogen peroxide. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were taken to assess the enamel structure. Cytotoxicity of the tested substances was assessed based on the cell viability of primary human fibroblasts. (3) The application of all whitening gels resulted in a greater color difference of the enamel (ΔE) in comparison to the negative control. Hydrogen peroxide caused the greatest color difference. Bromelain and PAP treatment showed no enamel surface changes, in contrast to hydrogen peroxide treatment, which showed very mild interprismatic dissolution. Bromelain was the only non-cytotoxic agent. (4) The maximum effect achieved by all OTC bleaching agents was the removal of stains, whereas hydrogen peroxide was capable of further whitening the teeth. Bromelain treatment was neither cytotoxic, nor resulted in enamel surface alterations, and its whitening effect was less, yet still effective, compared to hydrogen peroxide.	en_GB
dc.description.sponsorship	Gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 491381577	de
dc.language.iso	eng	de
dc.rights	CC BY	*
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	*
dc.subject.ddc	610 Medizin	de_DE
dc.subject.ddc	610 Medical sciences	en_GB
dc.title	Effectiveness and safety of over-the-counter tooth-whitening agents compared to hydrogen peroxide in vitro	en_GB
dc.type	Zeitschriftenaufsatz	de
dc.identifier.doi	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-9097	-
jgu.type.contenttype	Scientific article	de
jgu.type.dinitype	article	en_GB
jgu.type.version	Published version	de
jgu.type.resource	Text	de
jgu.organisation.department	FB 04 Medizin	de
jgu.organisation.number	2700	-
jgu.organisation.name	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz	-
jgu.rights.accessrights	openAccess	-
jgu.journal.title	International journal of molecular sciences	de
jgu.journal.volume	24	de
jgu.journal.issue	3	de
jgu.pages.alternative	1956	de
jgu.publisher.year	2023	-
jgu.publisher.name	Molecular Diversity Preservation International	de
jgu.publisher.place	Basel	de
jgu.publisher.uri	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031956	de
jgu.publisher.issn	1422-0067	de
jgu.organisation.place	Mainz	-
jgu.subject.ddccode	610	de
jgu.publisher.doi	10.3390/ijms24031956	de
jgu.organisation.ror	https://ror.org/023b0x485	-
jgu.subject.dfg	Lebenswissenschaften	de
Appears in collections:	DFG-491381577-G

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