Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-9097
Authors: | Müller-Heupt, Lena Katharina Wiesmann-Imilowski, Nadine Kaya, Sebahat Schumann, Sven Steiger, Maximilian Bjelopavlovic, Monika Deschner, James Al-Nawas, Bilal Lehmann, Karl Martin |
Title: | Effectiveness and safety of over-the-counter tooth-whitening agents compared to hydrogen peroxide in vitro |
Online publication date: | 22-May-2023 |
Year of first publication: | 2023 |
Language: | english |
Abstract: | (1) This study investigated the whitening effect, cytotoxicity and enamel surface alterations induced by different over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents in comparison to hydrogen peroxide. (2) Human teeth (n = 60) were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n = 10), stained with coffee solution for 7 d, followed by a whitening period of 7 d with either placebo, bromelain, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chlorite, PAP or hydrogen peroxide. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were taken to assess the enamel structure. Cytotoxicity of the tested substances was assessed based on the cell viability of primary human fibroblasts. (3) The application of all whitening gels resulted in a greater color difference of the enamel (ΔE) in comparison to the negative control. Hydrogen peroxide caused the greatest color difference. Bromelain and PAP treatment showed no enamel surface changes, in contrast to hydrogen peroxide treatment, which showed very mild interprismatic dissolution. Bromelain was the only non-cytotoxic agent. (4) The maximum effect achieved by all OTC bleaching agents was the removal of stains, whereas hydrogen peroxide was capable of further whitening the teeth. Bromelain treatment was neither cytotoxic, nor resulted in enamel surface alterations, and its whitening effect was less, yet still effective, compared to hydrogen peroxide. |
DDC: | 610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences |
Institution: | Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz |
Department: | FB 04 Medizin |
Place: | Mainz |
ROR: | https://ror.org/023b0x485 |
DOI: | http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-9097 |
Version: | Published version |
Publication type: | Zeitschriftenaufsatz |
Document type specification: | Scientific article |
License: | CC BY |
Information on rights of use: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Journal: | International journal of molecular sciences 24 3 |
Pages or article number: | 1956 |
Publisher: | Molecular Diversity Preservation International |
Publisher place: | Basel |
Issue date: | 2023 |
ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
Publisher URL: | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031956 |
Publisher DOI: | 10.3390/ijms24031956 |
Appears in collections: | DFG-491381577-G |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | ||
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![]() | effectiveness_and_safety_of_o-20230516135714587.pdf | 1.49 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |