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  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    The IPCC’s reductive Common Era temperature history
    (2024) Esper, Jan; Smerdon, Jason E.; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Allen, Kathryn; Cook, Edward R.; D’Arrigo, Rosanne; Guillet, Sébastien; Ljungqvist, Fredrik C.; Reinig, Frederick; Schneider, Lea; Sigl, Michael; Stoffel, Markus; Trnka, Mirek; Wilson, Rob; Büntgen , Ulf
    Common Era temperature variability has been a prominent component in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports over the last several decades and was twice featured in their Summary for Policymakers. A single reconstruction of mean Northern Hemisphere temperature variability was first highlighted in the 2001 Summary for Policymakers, despite other estimates that existed at the time. Subsequent reports assessed many large-scale temperature reconstructions, but the entirety of Common Era temperature history in the most recent Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was restricted to a single estimate of mean annual global temperatures. We argue that this focus on a single reconstruction is an insufficient summary of our understanding of temperature variability over the Common Era. We provide a complementary perspective by offering an alternative assessment of the state of our understanding in high-resolution paleoclimatology for the Common Era and call for future reports to present a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of our knowledge about this important period of human and climate history.
  • ItemMonographieOpen Access
    Justiz im Umbruch : Die Geschichte des Bundesgerichtshofes 1950 bis 1965. Band 1: das Gericht
    (2025) Kißener, Michael; Roth, Andreas
    Die Geschichte des 1950 gegründeten Bundesgerichtshofes in Karlsruhe ist trotz zahlreicher Detailstudien über sein Personal und seine Rechtsprechung bislang weithin unbekannt. Die zweibändige Publikation ermöglicht nun erstmals einen umfassenden, quellenfundierten Einblick in Aufbau, Funktionsweise und Personal dieses höchsten deutschen Gerichts in Zivil- und Strafsachen für die 1950er und die erste Hälfte der 1960er Jahre. Die Last der NS-Vergangenheit wird dabei genauso ins Blickfeld gerückt wie die Frage nach der Weiterentwicklung des Gerichts und seiner Richterinnen und Richter in den bundesdeutschen Rechtsstaat. Band 2 beleuchtet die frühe Rechtsprechung des Gerichts im Überblick bis 1968 und zeigt in thematischen Schwerpunktsetzungen, wo die Richterinnen und Richter des BGH in tradierten Denkmustern und überkommenen Wertvorstellungen judizierten, wo sie aber andererseits auch einer innovativen Rechtsprechung auf der Grundlage des Grundgesetzes den Weg gebahnt haben. Das Ergebnis einer mehrjährigen interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit zwischen Zeit- und Rechtsgeschichte gibt Antworten auf die Frage, wie und wodurch sich trotz vielfältiger Rückschläge und politischer Belastungen der Richterschaft ein allmählicher Wandel der traditionellen Justiz vollzog.
  • ItemMonographieOpen Access
    Traditionen juristisch-notarieller Textproduktion durch Translation : Zapotekisch-spanische Gerichtsakten in Neu-Spanien
    (2025) Kneifel, Malte
    Dieses Open Access-Buch bietet eine historisch ausgerichtete Untersuchung juristisch-notarieller Dokumente aus Neu-Spanien an der Schnittstelle zwischen romanistischer Textlinguistik und Translationswissenschaft. Konkret wird ein umfassendes Korpus aus Texten der indigenen Selbstverwaltung und Rechtsprechung analysiert, die in einer peripheren Region des kolonialen Mexiko zwischen dem 17. und 18. Jahrhundert in der indigenen Sprache Zapotekisch verfasst und zur Weitergabe an die spanisch-koloniale Gerichtsbarkeit ins Spanische übersetzt wurden. Grundlage der Analyse ist ein Modell, das textlinguistische und translationswissenschaftliche Ansätze integriert, darunter das Konzept der Diskurstraditionen und die Descriptive Translation Studies. Die Untersuchung liefert Erkenntnisse über die Entstehung und Entwicklung konkreter Traditionen der Produktion von Fachtexten innerhalb eines komplexen historischen Kontextes, für die Translation sowie deren Rezeption und Antizipation einen wesentlichen treibenden Faktor darstellen. Das Buch bietet damit nicht nur eine linguistische Aufarbeitung von aus dieser Perspektive bisher wenig bearbeiteten historischen, mehrsprachigen Dokumenten der spanischen Kolonialzeit, sondern trägt auch zu einer Integration von (romanistisch-)textlinguistischen und translationswissenschaftlichen Theorien für die Anwendung in konkreten historischen Forschungen bei. Es richtet sich somit an alle am Forschungsgegenstand Interessierten sowie an Textlinguist*innen und Translationswissenschaftler*innen, die ihr Forschungsfeld an ebendieser Schnittstelle verorten.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Peptidyl nitroalkene inhibitors of main protease rationalized by computational and crystallographic investigations as antivirals against SARS-CoV-2
    (2024) Medrano, Francisco J.; de la Hoz-Rodríguez, Sergio; Martí, Sergio; Arafet, Kemel; Schirmeister, Tanja; Hammerschmidt, Stefan J.; Müller, Christin; González-Martínez, Águeda; Santillana, Elena; Ziebuhr, John; Romero, Antonio; Zimmer, Collin; Weldert, Annabelle; Zimmermann, Robert; Lodola, Alessio; Świderek, Katarzyna; Moliner, Vicent; González, Florenci V.
    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to represent a global public health issue. The viral main protease (Mpro) represents one of the most attractive targets for the development of antiviral drugs. Herein we report peptidyl nitroalkenes exhibiting enzyme inhibitory activity against Mpro (Ki: 1–10 μM) good anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity in the low micromolar range (EC50: 1–12 μM) without significant toxicity. Additional kinetic studies of compounds FGA145, FGA146 and FGA147 show that all three compounds inhibit cathepsin L, denoting a possible multitarget effect of these compounds in the antiviral activity. Structural analysis shows the binding mode of FGA146 and FGA147 to the active site of the protein. Furthermore, our results illustrate that peptidyl nitroalkenes are effective covalent reversible inhibitors of the Mpro and cathepsin L, and that inhibitors FGA145, FGA146 and FGA147 prevent infection against SARS-CoV-2. Similar content bein
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Post-meiotic mechanism of facultative parthenogenesis in gonochoristic whiptail lizard species
    (2024) Ho, David V; Tormey, Duncan; Odell, Aaron; Newton, Aracely A; Schnittker, Robert R; Baumann, Diana P; Neaves, William B; Schroeder, Morgan R; Sigauke, Rutendo F; Barley, Anthony J; Baumann, Peter
    Facultative parthenogenesis (FP) has historically been regarded as rare in vertebrates, but in recent years incidences have been reported in a growing list of fish, reptile, and bird species. Despite the increasing interest in the phenomenon, the underlying mechanism and evolutionary implications have remained unclear. A common finding across many incidences of FP is either a high degree of homozygosity at microsatellite loci or low levels of heterozygosity detected in next-generation sequencing data. This has led to the proposal that second polar body fusion following the meiotic divisions restores diploidy and thereby mimics fertilization. Here, we show that FP occurring in the gonochoristic Aspidoscelis species A. marmoratus and A. arizonae results in genome-wide homozygosity, an observation inconsistent with polar body fusion as the underlying mechanism of restoration. Instead, a high-quality reference genome for A. marmoratus and analysis of whole-genome sequencing from multiple FP and control animals reveals that a post-meiotic mechanism gives rise to homozygous animals from haploid, unfertilized oocytes. Contrary to the widely held belief that females need to be isolated from males to undergo FP, females housed with conspecific and heterospecific males produced unfertilized eggs that underwent spontaneous development. In addition, offspring arising from both fertilized eggs and parthenogenetic development were observed to arise from a single clutch. Strikingly, our data support a mechanism for facultative parthenogenesis that removes all heterozygosity in a single generation. Complete homozygosity exposes the genetic load and explains the high rate of congenital malformations and embryonic mortality associated with FP in many species. Conversely, for animals that develop normally, FP could potentially exert strong purifying selection as all lethal recessive alleles are purged in a single generation.
  • ItemSammelbandOpen Access
    Sprache und Interkulturalität in der digitalen Welt
    (2024) Lietz , Roman; Mendes de Oliveira, Milene; Conti , Luisa; Lenehan, Fergal
    Der Band befasst sich mit Zusammenhängen von Sprache, Interkulturalität und Digitalität. Die neun Kapitel untersuchen, wie sich Interkulturalität in verschiedenen Settings digitaler Kommunikation – von YouTube über Tripadvisor bis Twitter – manifestiert und wie sie mit kommunikativen Strategien und komplexen Identitätsdarstellungen verwoben wird.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Pod5Viewer : a GUI for inspecting raw nanopore sequencing data
    (2024) Dietrich, Vincent; Alagna , Nicolò; Helm, Mark; Gerber, Susanne; Butto, Tamer
    Motivation Oxford Nanopore Technologies recently adopted the POD5 file format for storing raw nanopore sequencing data. The information stored in these files provides detailed insights into the sequencing features and enhances the understanding of raw nanopore data. However, the process of visualizing the data can be cumbersome, especially for users without programming skills. To address this issue, we developed the pod5Viewer, a GUI application for inspecting POD5 files. Results The pod5Viewer offers straightforward access to raw sequencing data and associated metadata in POD5 files. It includes functionalities for viewing, plotting, and exporting individual reads. Designed with user-friendliness in mind, the pod5Viewer is easy to install and use, making it suitable for users with all technical backgrounds. Availability and implementation The pod5Viewer is available as open source from the pod5Viewer Github repository (https://github.com/dietvin/pod5Viewer)
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Impact of developmental temperature on neural growth, connectivity, and function
    (2025) Züfle, Pascal; Batista, Leticia L.; Brandão, Sofia C.; D’Uva, Giovanni; Daniel, Christian; Martelli, Carlotta
    Environmental temperature dictates the developmental pace of poikilothermic animals. In Drosophila, slower development at lower temperatures results in higher brain connectivity, but the generality of such scaling across temperatures and brain regions and its impact on function are unclear. Here, we show that brain connectivity scales continuously across temperatures, in agreement with a first-principle model that postulates different metabolic constraints for the growth of the brain and the organism. The model predicts brain wiring under temperature cycles and the nonuniform temporal scaling of neural development across temperatures. Developmental temperature has notable effects on odor-driven behavior. Dissecting the circuit architecture and function of neurons in the olfactory pathway, we demonstrate that developmental temperature does not alter odor encoding in first- and second-order neurons, but it shifts the specificity of connections onto third-order neurons that mediate innate behaviors. We conclude that while some circuit computations are robust to the effects of developmental temperature on wiring, others exhibit phenotypic plasticity with possible adaptive advantages.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Localized tissue-specific gene expression and gene duplications are important sources of social morph differences in a social bumblebee
    (2025) Xu, Hongfei; Colgan, Thomas J.
    Understanding the expression of multiple behaviorally and morphologically distinct phenotypes from a single genome represents a fundamental topic in evolutionary biology. Central to the complication of expressing phenotypes, which may differ in their optima, is the sharing of largely the same genome, which is predicted to manifest in conflict at the genomic level. This is particularly true for social insects where molecular mechanisms, such as differential gene expression, contribute to observed phenotypic differences between reproductive and nonreproductive morphs. In comparison, other mechanisms, such as tissue-specific expression and gene duplications, have been posited as contributing to social morph differences yet formal investigations are limited. Here, using a combination of transcriptomics for multiple tissues and comparative genomics, we show that in a social bumblebee, the strongest differences in gene expression are found in reproductive tissues, such as the spermatheca, an organ previously believed as vestigial in workers but recently shown as functional. In comparison, we find modest expression differences in genes between queens and workers for the brain, fat body, and ovary, which are traditionally investigated in social evolution. Interestingly, morph-biased genes in these three tissues display higher tissue-specificity suggesting that while social morphs may express a shared core transcriptome, localized expression profiles may contribute to phenotypic differences. We also find evidence of differential usage of duplicated genes by queens and workers, highlighting structural variants as a contributing factor to morph differences. Collectively, our findings highlight how social insects can utilize tissue-specific gene regulation and structural variants to contribute to phenotypic differences.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    3aH,4H,5H,8H,9H,9aH-Cyclo­octa­[d][1,3]dioxole-2-thione
    (2024) Schollmeyer, Dieter; Kammler, Claudia; Detert, Heiner
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    1-Eth­­oxy-3-[4-(eth­­oxy­carbon­yl)phen­yl]-3-hy­dr­oxy-1-oxopropan-2-aminium chloride
    (2024) Schollmeyer, Dieter; Proza, Igor; Detert, Heiner
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    (10Z)-4H,5H,6H,7H,8H,9H-Cyclo­deca­[d][1,2,3]selena­diazole
    (2024) Schollmeyer, Dieter; Detert, Heiner
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    rac-2-{3-[1-(Acetyloxy)ethyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl}acetic acid
    (2024) Schollmeyer, Dieter; Jirsch, Paul; Detert, Heiner
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    New distribution records of Gomphrena fuscipellita T. Ortuño & T. Borsch (Amaranthaceae) : a rare endemic from Bolivia
    (2025) Ortuño, Teresa; Cuba, Elmer; Montesinos-Tubée, Daniel B.; Loza, Salvador; Duchen, Pablo
    We report on Gomphrena fuscipellita T. Ortuño & T. Borsch, a species endemic to Bolivia’s dry valleys. This species was initially described from a type specimen collected in 2005 in Cochabamba (Mizque Province) and an additional sample from Potosí (Charcas Province). However, after two decades, the species has been documented further across southern Bolivia. This study provides an updated geographical distribution, micro‑morphological trichome descriptions, and ecological insights that refine habitat characterization and advance the understanding of its ecological and geographical features.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Repeated fractionation and umbel receptacle elongation explain the apparent “panicle with simple umbels” in Ferula species (Apiaceae)
    (2025) Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine; Ajani, Yousef
    Introduction: The carrot family (Apiaceae) is characterized by umbels with umbellets. Traditionally, these umbels are interpreted as inflorescences. Ontogenetic studies, however, indicate that they do not originate from inflorescence meristems but from flower-like floral unit meristems. These meristems repeatedly fractionate sub-meristems, which give rise to umbellets and flowers. Ferula species usually form double racemes with umbels with umbellets. Few species of the genus, previously grouped in the genus Dorema, however, present “panicles with simple umbels”. Methods: Aiming to identify the developmental processes resulting in the different inflorescence appearance, we investigate inflorescence development in Ferula hezarlalehzarica (double racemes with umbels with umbellets) and Ferula aucheri (panicles with simple umbels). Results: Both species are andromonoecious (perfect and staminate flowers) and produce huge yellow inflorescences. SEM studies confirm that they share the same developmental patterns. Their development starts with an inflorescence meristem segregating umbel meristems. These pass through two steps of fractionation generating first umbellet meristems and then flower meristems. F. aucheri differs from F. hezarlalehzarica by i) producing several lateral inflorescences apart from one terminal one and ii) extremely elongating the umbel receptacles, thereby separating the umbellets from each other. The unusual branches with simple umbels thus prove to be homologous to umbels with umbellets. Furthermore, F. aucheri shows some intermediate inflorescences with umbellets intermixed with umbels. Considering that umbels and umbellets only differ in one step of fractionation, we interpret this mixture as developmental lability. Discussion: The study shows that meristem conditions define the character of the umbels as floral units and that developmental processes like fractionation, expansion, and elongation shape their outer appearance. It illustrates that inflorescences can be easily misinterpreted if only adult branching systems are investigated.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Influence of surface pretreatment using cold-active atmospheric pressure plasma on bond strength of CAD-CAM-fabricated hybrid ceramic crowns : an in-vitro study
    (2024) Kostadinov, Georgi; Görgen, Carolin-Isabel; Schmidtmann, Irene; Weibrich, Gernot; Abou-Ayash, Samir; Wentaschek, Stefan
    Purpose: This study assesses the impact of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) pretreatment on the bond strength of two-piece hybrid ceramic abutment crowns in implant dentistry. The objective is to ascertain whether CAP can be employed as an alternative or complementary technique to conventional methods. Methods: 80 titanium bases and 80 VITA ENAMIC® polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) crowns were divided into 8 groups (n = 10) based on different surface pretreatments of the crowns before cementation: no treatment (A), hydrofluoric acid (HF) (B), HF and silane (C), silane (D), CAP (AP), HF and CAP (BP), HF, CAP, and silane (CP), and CAP and silane (DP). Bond strength (BS) was measured after thermocycling (5000 cycles at 5 °C/55 °C), and statistical analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA. Results: The highest bond strength (BS) was recorded in the conventionally pretreated group C. Both HF and silane alone had significant effects (p < 0.0001), but CAP alone did not (p = 0.9377). Significant interactions were found between silane and CAP (p = 0.0222), and HF and CAP (p = 0.0046). The combined effects exceeded individual effects. Although group C showed the highest BS, no significant interaction was found between HF and silane (p = 0.6270). Three-factor interactions were significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In the setting used, CAP could not replace conventional pretreatment. The highest BS of a group without HF was achieved by combining silane with CAP. However, BS of this pretreatment was approximately 24% lower than that of the conventional pretreatment.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Dental implant site preparation with conventional rotary drill or piezosurgery : five-year after placement results from a within person randomised controlled trial
    (2024) Azaripour, Adriano; Farina, Vittorio Siro Leone; Esposito, Marco; Buti, Jacopo; Al-Nawas, Bilal; Sagheb, Keyvan
    Purpose: To evaluate whether there are clinical benefits by preparing dental implant sites using piezosurgery instead of conventional rotary drills in healed bone crests and if initial crestal soft tissue thickness could have an impact on marginal bone loss. Methods: Twenty-five partially edentulous patients requiring two single implants in molar/premolar areas had each site randomly allocated to either piezosurgery or to conventional rotary drill preparation according to a split-mouth design. Definitive screw-retained metal-ceramic crowns were delivered after 6 months. All patients were followed to 5 years after placement. Outcome measures were: implant/crown failures, complications, peri-implant marginal bone level changes, resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and time required to complete site preparation, recorded, when possible, by blinded assessors. Results: No patients dropped-out and no implant failed. Five years after placement, there were no statistically significant differences for complications (only one complication in the piezo group: difference = 0.04; P = 1), for peri-implant bone loss (difference = −0.11 mm; 95% CI −0.24 to 0.01; P = 0.083), and for RFA changes (6 months) (difference = −0.35; 95% CI −1.95 to 1.25; P = 0.672 between groups). Significantly more time was needed to prepare implant sites with piezosurgery (difference = 236.8 s; 95% CI −286.12 to −187.48; P < 0.0001). Initial soft tissue thickness had no effect on peri-implant bone loss (estimate = 0.05; 95% CI −0.03; 0.12; P = 0.239). Conclusions: No clinically appreciable differences were noticed when placing implants using piezosurgery or conventional instrumentation with rotary drill, however, the preparation with rotary drills was on average 4 min faster. No effect of initial crestal soft tissue thickness was observed on peri-implant bone loss.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Mental health symptoms and burdens after a SARS-CoV-2 infection
    (2024) Hettich-Damm, Nora; Petersen, Julia; Baumkoetter, Rieke; Prochaska, Jürgen H.; Koenig, Jochem; Schuster, Alexander K.; Muenzel, Thomas; Lackner, Karl J.; Wild, Philipp S.; Beutel, Manfred
    Background: Previous studies have found adverse effects on mental health following infection with SARS-CoV-2. This study investigates whether mental health is also impaired in unknowingly infected individuals. In addition, the relevance of the severity of the infection and the time since the onset of infection were analyzed. Methods: Data from the population-representative Gutenberg COVID-19 Study (GCS) were used (N = 2,267). SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined multimodally by self-report, throat swabs (acute infections) and antibody measurements (previous infections). Participants completed self-report questionnaires on mental health. Results: Neither unknowing nor knowing SARS-CoV-2 infection had an impact on mental health. However, symptom severity and previous depression or anxiety predicted higher levels of depressiveness, anxiety and somatic complaints. Our results confirm findings suggesting that the severity of the initial infection and previous mental illness, but not knowledge of the infection, are the most important predictors of negative mental health outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: The results suggest that mental health care should focus on individuals who suffer from a severe acute COVID-19 infection or have a history of mental illness.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Increasing incidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus in Germany : an analysis of the Federal Statistical Office Database from 2005 to 2022
    (2024) Thavarajasingam, Santhosh G.; Salih, Ahmed; Namireddy, Srikar R.; Ringel, Florian; Kramer, Andreas
    Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a reversible cause of gait disturbances and dementia in the elderly, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In Germany, the epidemiology and surgical management of NPH are not well understood. This study aimed to characterise epidemiological trends and evaluate surgical management strategies for NPH in Germany. A retrospective nationwide population-based study of NPH cases in Germany from 2005 to 2022 was conducted using data from the German Federal Statistical Office. Parameters assessed included incidence trends, demographic characteristics, and surgical interventions. A total of 118,526 NPH diagnoses were recorded, with 29,662 surgical interventions. The population-adjusted incidence of NPH increased by 48%, from 5.4 to 8.0 cases per 100,000 individuals (p < 0.001), peaking in 2018. The largest increases were seen in the “80–89” age group, followed by the “70–79” and “90+” age groups. Surgical interventions increased by 8.4% (p < 0.001), with ventriculoperitoneal shunt being the predominant procedure. The study highlights a 48% rise in NPH incidence in Germany from 2005 to 2022, particularly affecting the elderly. There was also an increase in surgical interventions, underscoring the need for prioritising NPH in national healthcare research agendas.