Authors:	Hardt, Jochen Herke, Max Brian, Tamara Laubach, Wilfried
Title:	Multiple imputation of missing data : a simulation study on a binary response
Online publication date:	5-Oct-2022
Year of first publication:	2013
Language:	english
Abstract:	Currently, a growing number of programs become available in statistical software for multiple imputation of missing values. Among others, two algorithms are mainly implemented: Expectation Maximization (EM) and Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE). They have been shown to work well in large samples or when only small proportions of missing data are to be imputed. However, some researchers have begun to impute large proportions of missing data or to apply the method to small samples. A simulation was performed using MICE on datasets with 50, 100 or 200 cases and four or eleven variables. A varying proportion of data (3% - 63%) was set as missing completely at random and subsequently substituted using multiple imputation by chained equations. In a logistic regression model, four coefficients, i.e. non-zero and zero main effects as well as non-zero and zero interaction effects were examined. Estimations of all main and interaction effects were unbiased. There was a considerable variance in the estimates, increasing with the proportion of missing data and decreasing with sample size. The imputation of missing data by chained equations is a useful tool for imputing small to moderate proportions of missing data. The method has its limits, however. In small samples, there are considerable random errors for all effects.
DDC:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Department:	FB 04 Medizin
Place:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-7857
Version:	Published version
Publication type:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
License:	CC BY
Information on rights of use:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Journal:	Open journal of statistics 3 5
Pages or article number:	370 378
Publisher:	Scientific Research Publ.
Publisher place:	Irvine, Calif.
Issue date:	2013
ISSN:	2161-718X
Publisher URL:	http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2013.35043
Publisher DOI:	10.4236/ojs.2013.35043
Appears in collections:	DFG-OA-Publizieren (2012 - 2017)