Autoren:	Mergell, Boris
Titel:	Structural and elastic properties of DNA and chromatin
Online-Publikationsdatum:	1-Jan-2003
Erscheinungsdatum:	2003
Sprache des Dokuments:	Englisch
Zusammenfassung/Abstract:	We investigate a chain consisting of two coupled worm-like chains withconstant distance between the strands. The effects due todouble-strandedness of the chain are studied. In a previous analyticalstudy of this system an intrinsic twist-stretch coupling and atendency of kinking is predicted. Even though a local twist structureis observed the predicted features are not recovered. A new model for DNA at the base-pair level is presented. Thebase-pairs are treated as flat rigid ellipsoids and thesugar-phosphate backbones are represented as stiff harmonic springs.The base-pair stacking interaction is modeled by a variant of theGay-Berne potential. It is shown by systematic coarse-graininghow the elastic constants of a worm-like chain are related to thelocal fluctuations of the base-pair step parameters. Even though a lotof microscopic details of the base-pair geometry is neglected themodel can be optimized to obtain a B-DNA conformation as ground stateand reasonable elastic properties. Moreover the model allows tosimulate much larger length scales than it is possible with atomisticsimulations due to the simplification of the force-field and inparticular due to the possibility of non-local Monte-Carlo moves. Asa first application the behavior under stretching is investigated. Inagreement with micromanipulation experiments on single DNA moleculesone observes a force-plateau in the force-extension curvescorresponding to an overstretching transition from B-DNA to aso-called S-DNA state. The model suggests a structure for S-DNA withhighly inclined base-pairs in order to enable at least partialbase-pair stacking. Finally a simple model for chromatin is introduced to study itsstructural and elastic properties. The underlying geometry of themodeled fiber is based on a crossed-linker model. The chromatosomesare treated as disk-like objects. Excluded volume and short rangenucleosomal interaction are taken into account by a variant of theGay-Berne potential. It is found that the bending rigidity and thestretching modulus of the fiber increase with more compact fibers. Fora reasonable parameterization of the fiber for physiologicalconditions and sufficiently high attraction between the nucleosomes aforce-extension curve is found similar to stretching experiments onsingle chromatin fibers. For very small stretching forces a kinkedfiber forming a loop is observed. If larger forces are applied theloop formation is stretched out and a decondensation of the fibertakes place.
DDC-Sachgruppe:	530 Physik 530 Physics
Veröffentlichende Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Organisationseinheit:	FB 08 Physik, Mathematik u. Informatik
Veröffentlichungsort:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2450
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hebis:77-4624
Version:	Original work
Publikationstyp:	Dissertation
Nutzungsrechte:	Urheberrechtsschutz
Informationen zu den Nutzungsrechten:	https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:	JGU-Publikationen