Authors:	Fischenich, Alexander Hots, Jan Verhey, Jesko Oberfeld-Twistel, Daniel
Title:	Temporal weights in loudness : investigation of the effects of background noise and sound level
Online publication date:	12-Dec-2019
Year of first publication:	2019
Language:	english
Abstract:	Previous research has consistently shown that for sounds varying in intensity over time, the beginning of the sound is of higher importance for the perception of loudness than later parts (primacy effect). However, in all previous studies, the target sounds were presented in quiet, and at a fixed average sound level. In the present study, temporal loudness weights for a time-varying narrowband noise were investigated in the presence of a continuous bandpass-filtered background noise and the average sound levels of the target stimuli were varied across a range of 60 dB. Pronounced primacy effects were observed in all conditions and there were no significant differences between the temporal weights observed in the conditions in quiet and in background noise. Within the conditions in background noise, there was a significant effect of the sound level on the pattern of weights, which was mainly caused by a slight trend for increased weights at the end of the sounds (“recency effect”) in the condition with lower average level. No such effect was observed for the in-quiet conditions. Taken together, the observed primacy effect is largely independent of masking as well as of sound level. Compatible with this conclusion, the observed primacy effects in quiet and in background noise can be well described by an exponential decay function using parameters based on previous studies. Simulations using a model for the partial loudness of time-varying sounds in background noise showed that the model does not predict the observed temporal loudness weights.
DDC:	150 Psychologie 150 Psychology
Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Department:	FB 02 Sozialwiss., Medien u. Sport
Place:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-240
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hebis:77-publ-594679
Version:	Published version
Publication type:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
License:	CC BY
Information on rights of use:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Journal:	PLOS ONE 14 11
Pages or article number:	e0223075
Publisher:	PLOS
Publisher place:	San Francisco, California, US
Issue date:	2019
ISSN:	1932-6203
Publisher URL:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223075
Publisher DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0223075
Annotation:	Oberfeld-Twistel, Daniel veröffentlicht unter: Oberfeld, Daniel
Appears in collections:	JGU-Publikationen