Electrochemical hydrodehalogenation based on 3D-printed electrodes

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a versatile platform for electrode fabrication, offering cost efficiency, design flexibility, and compatibility with a wide range of materials. Electrochemical dehalogenation represents a critical strategy for the removal of toxic halogenated organic pollutants, such as chloroacetic acids, which pose significant environmental and health risks. The use of earth-abundant metals, including iron, copper, and nickel, as well as carbon-based materials, further enhances the sustainability and scalability of this approach. This concept article describes the electrochemical reduction of trichloroacetic acid at conventional electrodes and reviews the current state of research on electrochemical dehalogenation at additively manufactured electrodes. From this perspective, the further integration of advanced fabrication techniques, along with the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence, presents significant opportunities for innovation in materials and processes. In addition to electrode fabrication, the incorporation of in situ spectroscopy is proposed to gain deeper insight into the underlying reaction mechanisms. To bridge the gap between fundamental research and the implementation of new processes in industrial applications, a series of process optimization strategies is also outlined.