Rare vascular variations : the ulnar artery and superficial brachioulnar artery : a case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes ofdeath worldwide. Interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention,used to recanalise coronary stenoses, require precise anatomical knowledge,particularly regarding vascular variations, to avoid complications.Materials and methods: In our study, we describe a rare anatomical variationof the superficial brachioulnar artery (SBUA).Results: We present an SBUA originating from the brachial artery in its upperthird and then running superficially in a straight course to the hand, whereit assumes the full function of the ulnar artery. At the same time, the regularulnar artery terminates as a hypoplastic vessel that exclusively supplies the localmusculature. This combination expands the existing literature and highlightsthe clinical relevance of vascular variations.Conclusions: Our case report underscores the importance of precise preoperativeimaging to identify vascular anomalies early while minimising patient safety-related complications. Additionally, this new variation of the SBUA emphasisesthe need to integrate anatomical variations more thoroughly into medical educationand research. The latter would ensure the systematic capture of theirprevalence and implications to improve clinical practice in the long run.