Mechano-adaptive meta-gels through synergistic chemical and physical information-processing

Abstract

Global functional adaptation after local mechanical stimulation, as in mechanobiology and the mimosa plant, is fascinating and ubiquitous in nature. This is achieved by locally sensing mechanical deformation with precise thresholds, processing this information via biochemical circuits, followed by downstream actuation. The integration of such embodied intelligence allowing for mechano-to-chemo-to-function information-processing remains elusive in man-made systems. By merging the fields of chemical circuits and metamaterials, we introduce adaptive metamaterial hydrogels (meta-gels) that can accurately sense mechanical stimuli (local touch and global strain), transmit this information over long distances via reaction-diffusion signaling, and induce downstream mechanical strengthening by growing nanofibril networks, or soft robotic actuation through competitive swelling. All elements of the sensor-processor-actuator system are embedded in the device, functioning autonomously without external feeding reservoirs. Our concept enables designing advanced life-like materials systems that synergistically combine two worlds – chemical circuits for chemical information-processing and metamaterial unit cells for physical information-processing.