Effects of dance-based interventions on body image and self-worth in overweight and obese individuals : a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Emerging theoretical frameworks and empirical findings indicate that dance interventions may positively influence body image and self-esteem in individuals with obesity. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize studies examining the effects of dance on body image components (e.g., body perception) and facets of self-esteem (e.g., self-acceptance) in this population. Specifically, the review addresses: (a) the current state of evidence on the impact of dance interventions on body image and self-esteem in individuals with obesity, and (b) the intervention characteristics that contribute most effectively to improvements in these psychosocial outcomes.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple online databases, including peer-reviewed journals in English and German. Studies were eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) intervention, clinical, observational, longitudinal or case study designs; (2) assessment of body image and/or self-esteem constructs or components; (3) inclusion of participants with obesity; and (4) dance as a central intervention element. Three independent reviewers evaluated study eligibility following PRISMA guidelines and assessed methodological quality.

Results: The ten included studies represent diverse populations and intervention formats, spanning children to adults and encompassing a variety of dance-focused approaches. Due to substantial heterogeneity in study design, duration, and methodology, findings were analyzed using the Wheel of Dance framework. Interventions targeted the following components: group cohesion, culture, and history (1 study); aesthetic fitness and physical health (2 studies); connection and connectedness (1 study); flow and mindfulness (5 studies); and aesthetic emotions and imagination (1 study). Overall, dance interventions were associated with positive effects on body image, self-esteem, and psychosocial well-being, independent of weight change. Creative dance formats particularly fostered emotional expression, social connectedness, and improved body awareness. Considerable variation existed across studies in terms of intervention design, duration, methodological rigor and quality.

Conclusion: The findings of this review suggest that dance may represent a potentially promising complementary intervention for addressing psychosocial health in individuals with obesity. However, given the limited evidence base and the heterogeneity of study designs, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further methodologically rigorous studies are required, particularly those with a stronger focus on psychosocial constructs.