The dead of the Dietersberg Cave, Germany : new insights into burial practices of the Iron Age from m 14C-dates and stable isotope (C, N, O, Sr) analyses of human bones and teeth
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Abstract
The provenance and depositional setting of the human remains in the Dietersberg Cave, located in the Franconian Alb in
Southern Germany, are evaluated based on 14C-dates and stable isotope analyses (C, N, O, Sr). Four basic scenarios are
discussed: (1) human sacrifice, (2) ‘regular’ burial place for a small social unit, (3) special social group (e.g. slaves) and (4)
special circumstances of death (e.g. fatal illness). Scenarios 1 and 2 are unlikely as the age distribution includes all ages and both
sexes and the 14C-dates of the human remains span most of the Iron Age which would result in an implausible small burial
community. Stable isotope analyses also render the deposition of slaves (scenario 3) implausible because a high proportion of the
individuals were probably of local origin and their diet was not fundamentally different from that of contemporary populations.
The archaeological evidence points to a social bias (i.e. low social standing) as reason for deposition. However, the high numbers
of apotropaic objects and of perinatals also suggest that scenario 4 might be plausible for at least some of the individuals. The
cave was probably a place of deposition not only for one category of individuals but also for those whose burial in the ‘regular’
cemetery was not considered appropriate.
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Archaeological and anthropological sciences, 12, 3, Springer, Berlin u.a., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01025-1