Autoren:	Mahajan, Vikram K. Patil, Anant Blicharz, Leszek Kassir, Martin Konnikov, Nellie Gold, Michael H. Goldman, Mitchel P. Galadari, Hassan Goldust, Mohamad
Titel:	Medical therapies for melasma
Online-Publikationsdatum:	18-Jan-2023
Erscheinungsdatum:	2022
Sprache des Dokuments:	Englisch
Zusammenfassung/Abstract:	Melasma is a common malady affecting all races with a higher incidence in Hispanics, Middle Eastern, Asians, and African origin females (Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III–V). Women are affected much more often than men. Melasma remains a significant cause of cosmetic morbidity and psychosocial embarrassment affecting quality of life necessitating effective and reliable treatment. Unfortunately, treatment remains unsatisfactory due to limited efficacy, adverse effects, and relapses after stopping treatment. Although chemical peels, laser and light therapies and dermabrasion may have utility, the evidence available for their efficacy is limited and they often cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with darker skin types. Medical therapies remain mainstay in the management of melasma. The triple combination, hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%, and fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% (Triluma, Galderma, Ft. Worth Texas, often modified incorporating different corticosteroids) remains the only US FDA-approved treatment for melasma and is the gold standard due its demonstrated efficacy across ethnicities. Oral tranexamic acid alone or in combination with other modalities has also shown significant efficacy. Several cosmeceuticals and botanical extracts used as skin lightening agents have been demonstrated to be useful. Physical sunscreens containing zinc oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and silicones provide photoprotective and camouflage effect. We propose that a multimodality approach to the treatment of melasma is the most effective treatment approach. This review is focused on the medical therapies for melasma.
DDC-Sachgruppe:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Veröffentlichende Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Organisationseinheit:	FB 04 Medizin
Veröffentlichungsort:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-8584
Version:	Published version
Publikationstyp:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Nutzungsrechte:	CC BY-NC
Informationen zu den Nutzungsrechten:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Zeitschrift:	Journal of cosmetic dermatology 21 9
Seitenzahl oder Artikelnummer:	3707 3728
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Verlagsort:	Oxford
Erscheinungsdatum:	2022
ISSN:	1473-2165
DOI der Originalveröffentlichung:	10.1111/jocd.15242
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:	DFG-491381577-H