Gutenberg Open Science: Medical therapies for melasma

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-8584

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DC Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Mahajan, Vikram K.	-
dc.contributor.author	Patil, Anant	-
dc.contributor.author	Blicharz, Leszek	-
dc.contributor.author	Kassir, Martin	-
dc.contributor.author	Konnikov, Nellie	-
dc.contributor.author	Gold, Michael H.	-
dc.contributor.author	Goldman, Mitchel P.	-
dc.contributor.author	Galadari, Hassan	-
dc.contributor.author	Goldust, Mohamad	-
dc.date.accessioned	2023-01-18T10:20:19Z	-
dc.date.available	2023-01-18T10:20:19Z	-
dc.date.issued	2022	-
dc.identifier.uri	https://openscience.ub.uni-mainz.de/handle/20.500.12030/8600	-
dc.description.abstract	Melasma is a common malady affecting all races with a higher incidence in Hispanics, Middle Eastern, Asians, and African origin females (Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III–V). Women are affected much more often than men. Melasma remains a significant cause of cosmetic morbidity and psychosocial embarrassment affecting quality of life necessitating effective and reliable treatment. Unfortunately, treatment remains unsatisfactory due to limited efficacy, adverse effects, and relapses after stopping treatment. Although chemical peels, laser and light therapies and dermabrasion may have utility, the evidence available for their efficacy is limited and they often cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with darker skin types. Medical therapies remain mainstay in the management of melasma. The triple combination, hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%, and fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% (Triluma, Galderma, Ft. Worth Texas, often modified incorporating different corticosteroids) remains the only US FDA-approved treatment for melasma and is the gold standard due its demonstrated efficacy across ethnicities. Oral tranexamic acid alone or in combination with other modalities has also shown significant efficacy. Several cosmeceuticals and botanical extracts used as skin lightening agents have been demonstrated to be useful. Physical sunscreens containing zinc oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and silicones provide photoprotective and camouflage effect. We propose that a multimodality approach to the treatment of melasma is the most effective treatment approach. This review is focused on the medical therapies for melasma.	en_GB
dc.description.sponsorship	Gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 491381577	de
dc.language.iso	eng	de
dc.rights	CC BY-NC	*
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/	*
dc.subject.ddc	610 Medizin	de_DE
dc.subject.ddc	610 Medical sciences	en_GB
dc.title	Medical therapies for melasma	en_GB
dc.type	Zeitschriftenaufsatz	de
dc.identifier.doi	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-8584	-
jgu.type.dinitype	article	en_GB
jgu.type.version	Published version	de
jgu.type.resource	Text	de
jgu.organisation.department	FB 04 Medizin	de
jgu.organisation.number	2700	-
jgu.organisation.name	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz	-
jgu.rights.accessrights	openAccess	-
jgu.journal.title	Journal of cosmetic dermatology	de
jgu.journal.volume	21	de
jgu.journal.issue	9	de
jgu.pages.start	3707	de
jgu.pages.end	3728	de
jgu.publisher.year	2022	-
jgu.publisher.name	Wiley-Blackwell	de
jgu.publisher.place	Oxford	de
jgu.publisher.issn	1473-2165	de
jgu.organisation.place	Mainz	-
jgu.subject.ddccode	610	de
jgu.publisher.doi	10.1111/jocd.15242	de
jgu.organisation.ror	https://ror.org/023b0x485	-
jgu.subject.dfg	Lebenswissenschaften	de
Appears in collections:	DFG-491381577-H

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