Authors:	Hahad, Omar Schmitt, Volker H. Arnold, Natalie Keller, Karsten Prochaska, Jürgen H. Wild, Philipp S. Lackner, Karl J. Pfeiffer, Norbert Schmidtmann, Irene Michal, Matthias Schattenberg, Jörn M. Tüscher, Oliver Daiber, Andreas Münzel, Thomas Schulz, Andreas
Title:	Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with increased arterial stiffness in men and women : evidence from a large population-based cohort
Online publication date:	20-Jan-2023
Year of first publication:	2022
Language:	english
Abstract:	Background Cigarette smoking is a threat to global human health and a leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Importantly, sex-specific differences in smoking-induced arterial stiffness, an early key event in the development of atherosclerotic CVD, remain still elusive. Thus, this study sought out to investigate sex-specific associations between smoking and measures of arterial stiffness. Methods and results Overall, 15,010 participants (7584 men and 7426 women aged 35–74 years) of the Gutenberg Health Study were examined at baseline during 2007–2012. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were assessed by a standardized computer-assisted interview. Arterial stiffness and wave reflection were determined by stiffness index (SI) and augmentation index (AI). In the total sample, 45.8% had never smoked, 34.7% were former smokers, and 19.4% were current smokers. Median cumulative smoking exposure was 22.0 pack-years in current male smokers and 16.0 in current female smokers. In general, multivariable linear regression models adjusted for a comprehensive set of confounders revealed that smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were dose-dependently associated with markers of arterial stiffness. In sex-specific analyses, these associations were overall more pronounced in men and SI was stronger related to the male sex, whereas differences between men and women in the case of AI appeared to be less substantial. Discussion The present results indicate that chronic smoking is strongly and dose-dependently associated with increased arterial stiffness in a large population-based cohort regardless of sex but with a stronger association in men.
DDC:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Department:	FB 04 Medizin
Place:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-8392
Version:	Published version
Publication type:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
License:	CC BY
Information on rights of use:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Journal:	Clinical research in cardiology Version of Record (VoR)
Publisher:	Springer
Publisher place:	Berlin
Issue date:	2022
ISSN:	1861-0692
Publisher DOI:	10.1007/s00392-022-02092-1
Appears in collections:	DFG-491381577-H