Authors:	Paeslack, Nadja Mimmler, Maximilian Becker, Stefanie Gao, Zhenling Khuu, My Phung Mann, Amrit Malinarich, Frano Regen, Tommy Reinhardt, Christoph
Title:	Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Online publication date:	4-Jan-2023
Year of first publication:	2022
Language:	english
Abstract:	The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating the maintenance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects on the vascular endothelium, thus influencing the development of vascular inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote vascular inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for a contributory role of microbiota-derived indole-derivatives in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Interestingly, there are indications for a role of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging role of gut commensals in the modulation of Trp metabolism and its influence in cardiovascular disease development.
DDC:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Department:	FB 04 Medizin
Place:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-8326
Version:	Published version
Publication type:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
License:	CC BY
Information on rights of use:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Journal:	Amino acids 54
Pages or article number:	1339 1356
Publisher:	Springer
Publisher place:	Wien u.a.
Issue date:	2022
ISSN:	1438-2199
Publisher DOI:	10.1007/s00726-022-03161-5
Appears in collections:	DFG-491381577-H