Autoren:	Oftadeh, Sara Bahram, Abbas Yaali, Rasoul Ghadiri, Farhad Schöllhorn, Wolfgang I.
Titel:	External focus or differential learning : is there an additive effect on learning a Futsal goal kick?
Online-Publikationsdatum:	20-Okt-2022
Erscheinungsdatum:	2022
Sprache des Dokuments:	Englisch
Zusammenfassung/Abstract:	(1) Background: How to optimally promote the process of acquiring and learning a new motor skill is still one of the fundamental questions often raised in training and movement science, rehabilitation, and physical education. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of differential learning (DL) and the elements of OPTIMAL theory on learning a goal-kicking skill in futsal, especially under the conditions of external and internal foci. (2) Methods: A total of 40 female beginners were randomly assigned to, and equally distributed among, five different interventions. Within a pretest and post-test design, with retention and transfer tests, participants practiced for 12 weeks, involving two 20-min sessions per week. The tests involved a kicking skill test. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences with large effect sizes were found between differential learning (DL) with an external focus, DL with an internal focus, DL with no focus, traditional training with an external focus, and traditional training with control groups in the post-, retention, and transfer tests. (4) Conclusions: The results indicate the clear advantages of DL. It is well worth putting further efforts into investigating a more differentiated application of instructions combined with exercises for DL.
DDC-Sachgruppe:	300 Sozialwissenschaften 300 Social sciences
Veröffentlichende Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Organisationseinheit:	FB 02 Sozialwiss., Medien u. Sport
Veröffentlichungsort:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-7973
Version:	Published version
Publikationstyp:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Weitere Angaben zur Dokumentart:	Scientific article
Nutzungsrechte:	CC BY
Informationen zu den Nutzungsrechten:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Zeitschrift:	International journal of environmental research and public health 19 1
Seitenzahl oder Artikelnummer:	317
Verlag:	MDPI AG
Verlagsort:	Basel
Erscheinungsdatum:	2022
ISSN:	1660-4601
URL der Originalveröffentlichung:	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010317
DOI der Originalveröffentlichung:	10.3390/ijerph19010317
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:	DFG-491381577-G