Authors:	Boedecker, Christian Huettl, Florentine Saalfeld, Patrick Paschold, Markus Kneist, Werner Baumgart, Janine Preim, Bernhard Hansen, Christian Lang, Hauke Huber, Tobias
Title:	Using virtual 3D-models in surgical planning : workflow of an immersive virtual reality application in liver surgery
Online publication date:	8-Aug-2022
Year of first publication:	2021
Language:	english
Abstract:	Purpose Three-dimensional (3D) surgical planning is widely accepted in liver surgery. Currently, the 3D reconstructions are usually presented as 3D PDF data on regular monitors. 3D-printed liver models are sometimes used for education and planning. Methods We developed an immersive virtual reality (VR) application that enables the presentation of preoperative 3D models. The 3D reconstructions are exported as STL files and easily imported into the application, which creates the virtual model automatically. The presentation is possible in “OpenVR”-ready VR headsets. To interact with the 3D liver model, VR controllers are used. Scaling is possible, as well as changing the opacity from invisible over transparent to fully opaque. In addition, the surgeon can draw potential resection lines on the surface of the liver. All these functions can be used in a single or multi-user mode. Results Five highly experienced HPB surgeons of our department evaluated the VR application after using it for the very first time and considered it helpful according to the “System Usability Scale” (SUS) with a score of 76.6%. Especially with the subitem “necessary learning effort,” it was shown that the application is easy to use. Conclusion We introduce an immersive, interactive presentation of medical volume data for preoperative 3D liver surgery planning. The application is easy to use and may have advantages over 3D PDF and 3D print in preoperative liver surgery planning. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the optimal presentation mode of 3D liver models.
DDC:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Department:	FB 04 Medizin
Place:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-7527
Version:	Published version
Publication type:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
License:	CC BY
Information on rights of use:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Journal:	Langenbeck's archives of surgery 406
Pages or article number:	911 915
Publisher:	Springer
Publisher place:	Berlin u.a.
Issue date:	2021
ISSN:	1435-2451
Publisher DOI:	10.1007/s00423-021-02127-7
Appears in collections:	JGU-Publikationen