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  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Pop music production and regulation online in select African countries and Brazil
    (2023) Peukert, Alexander; Röschenthaler, Ute
    Over the last quarter of a century, the sources of the global recorded music industry's revenues have changed fundamentally, from 100 per cent physical sources (mostly compact discs [CDs]) in 1999 to diversified sources between 2010 and 2015, to mostly intangible sources (mostly streaming) thereafter. However, such global statistics tell us little about developments on the ground in countries with very different socio-economic and cultural circumstances. This special issue examines, from a multidisciplinary and comparative perspective, how technology, particularly the internet, cultural practices and law have interacted in the field of popular music in three African countries (Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa) and Brazil. The socio-economic and legal situations in these countries have been far less studied than those in the Global North. In addition, they are of great importance from an overall perspective because of their population and market size, as well as their ‘cultural influences’ on the regional and even global music scene – suffice it to mention Afrobeats, Bossa Nova and Amapiano. Remarkably, the studies featured in this special issue reveal more similarities than differences.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Streaming platforms and the music industry crisis in Cameroon
    (2023) Röschenthaler, Ute
    Cameroon's music sector has been reinvigorated by a new generation of musicians and by locally created and international streaming platforms. Arguing that these streaming platforms have the potential to mitigate the music industry piracy crisis of the 1990s and 2000s, this article examines the recent developments on the Cameroonian music market, the positions of the various stakeholders in the music business, the twenty-first-century copyright legislation concerning music in Cameroon and users’ and musicians’ perception of the platforms. It shows how the crisis arose due to the accessibility of digital gadgets that facilitated practices of copying and sharing that drove music producers into bankruptcy. Although in their daily lives users still prefer to listen to free music, as many have difficulties to afford paying for music streaming, this article argues that in the long run the streaming platforms, if they succeed in persuading users to pay for renting music, will turn out to be more efficient in mitigating informal music-sharing than copyright law and prosecuting the so-called ‘pirates’ in court.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Regional variations in Mediterranean diet adherence : a sociodemographic and lifestyle analysis across Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean regions within the MEDIET4ALL project
    (2025) Boujelbane, Mohamed Ali; Ammar, Achraf; Salem, Atef; Kerkeni, Mohamed; Trabelsi, Khaled; Bouaziz, Bassem; Masmoudi, Liwa; Heydenreich, Juliane; Schallhorn, Christiana; Müller, Gabriel; Uyar, Ayse Merve; Ghazzawi, Hadeel Ali; Amawi, Adam Tawfiq; Orhan, Bekir Erhan; Grosso, Giuseppe; Abdelkarim, Osama; Driss, Tarak; El Abed, Kais; Zmijewski, Piotr; Debeaufort, Frédéric; Benbettaieb, Nasreddine; Poulain, Clément; Reyes, Laura; Gamero, Amparo; Cuenca-Ortolá, Marta; Cilla, Antonio; Francesca, Nicola; Messina, Concetta Maria; Viola, Enrico; Lorenzen, Björn; Filice, Stefania; Bajoub, Aadil; Ajal, El-Mehdi; Ajal, El Amine; Obtel, Majdouline; Lahiani, Sadjia; Khaldi, Taha; Souissi, Nafaa; Boukhris, Omar; Jahrami, Haitham; Husain, Waqar; Frias-Toral, Evelyn; Mahdi, Walid; Chtourou, Hamdi; Schöllhorn, Wolfgang I.
    Introduction: The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is acknowledged for its health advantages; however, compliance with its principles differs by region and is influenced by geographical, cultural, economic, and life-style factors. This research examines regional differences in sociodemographic and lifestyle factors between Mediterranean (MC) and non-Mediterranean (NMC) countries, with a particular focus on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle, as well as the associated barriers in each region. Methods: The MEDIET4ALL international survey was conducted across 10 countries, and data were collected from 4,010 participants. Dietary adherence was assessed via the MedLife Index, and additional lifestyle measures included physical activity (IPAQ-SF), sleep patterns (PSQI), mental health (DASS-21), and social participation (SSPQL). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and standardized residual analyses to identify significant regional variations. Results: The study revealed distinct dietary patterns, with MC participants showing stronger adherence to traditional MedDiet components (legumes, fish) while NMC participants favored modern adaptations (whole grains). Both regions exhibited low physical activities dominance (60%–62%), although MC participants engaged more (21.1% vs. 18.5%) in moderate physical activity. MC maintained higher proportions of “sometimes socially active” individuals, NMC showed greater representation in the “always socially active” category. Sleep quality was poorer in MC (45% below recommended duration vs. 40% in NMC), while NMC reported higher insomnia rates. Mental health symptoms were comparable (33%–35% moderate depression/anxiety in both), reflecting post-pandemic global trends. Barriers differed regionally with MC faced economic/access constraints while NMC struggled with knowledge gaps and time limitations. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that while Mediterranean regions maintain traditional dietary patterns, globalization and modern lifestyle shifts are narrowing regional health behaviors. Public health strategies should address region-specific barriers, including economic constraints in MC regions and knowledge gaps in NMC regions, while promoting MedDiet adherence. Future research should explore the impact of cultural, socio-economic, and digital factors on dietary behaviors and mental health to develop tailored, effective interventions for improving overall well-being.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Along the twilights of care : continuities of technomoral politics in São Paulo's pro-migrant activism
    (2024) Drotbohm, Heike
    This article explores central dimensions of different forms of asymmetric care that fall between the competences of overlapping civil society organizations. Based on anthropological fieldwork conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, the article follows migrants arriving and integrating across different nodes of reception, including church-based NGOs, humanitarian organizations, and activist housing projects. Overlaps between these different forms of reception, care, and control do not arise only when migrants refer to different organizational structures. Instead, numerous formal and organizational similarities complicate a clear separation of these domains of asymmetric care. By concentrating on incidents when the encounters between migrant activists and Brazilian activists are disturbed, this article traces the mutual irritation of differently positioned actors, who calibrate their moral claims and produce new understandings of “worthiness.”
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    The paradox of argument strength : how weak arguments undermine the persuasive effects of strong arguments
    (2024) Obermaier, Magdalena; Koch , Thomas
    This paper analyzes effects of the mutual presentation of weak and strong arguments. Departing from the prevalent “the-more-the-better” heuristic, our research scrutinizes whether the inclusion of weak arguments enhances or diminishes the persuasive impact of strong arguments. Leveraging insights from judgment formation literature, we conducted four experimental studies on political and health-related topics to unravel whether the presenting weak arguments strengthens the persuasive effect of a strong argument (adding) or actually weakens this persuasive effect (averaging). The results show that providing supporting arguments of moderate strength along with a strong argument increases persuasion, representing an additive pattern. However, presenting weak supporting arguments along with a strong argument reduces the persuasive effect of the strong argument, representing an averaging pattern. Exposure to weak arguments diminishes the strength of strong ones, suggesting the omission of weak arguments. These findings underscore the vital role of strategically selecting arguments to optimize persuasion across disciplines.
  • ItemSammelbandOpen Access
    Künstliche Intelligenz in DaF/DaZ
    (2025) Baum, Luisa; Günay, Gülsüm
    In rasantem Tempo hält Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) Einzug in unseren beruflichen und privaten Alltag – und somit auch in Bildung und Unterricht. Der Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache/Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaF/DaZ) ist Teil dieses Wandels, denn KI verändert, wie wir lehren und lernen. Neue Tools unterstützen z. B. bei Planung und Feedback und eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten der Unterrichtsgestaltung. Sie werfen aber auch didaktische und ethische Fragen auf. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes demonstrieren, wie KI-Technologien im Kontext des Sprachunterrichts eingesetzt werden können, welche Kompetenzen Lehrende und Lernende benötigen und wie AI Literacy zur neuen Schlüsselqualifikation bzw. Future Skill wird. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Skepsis und Aufbruch zeigen die Autorinnen und Autoren, wie die Integration von KI in Forschung und Lehre gelingen kann. Dabei rückt die Rolle des Menschen in einer zunehmend digitalisierten Bildungswelt in den Fokus. KI kann die Lehrkraft nicht ersetzen, den Unterricht aber deutlich bereichern.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Homorepeat variability within the human population
    (2024) Mier, Pablo; Andrade-Navarro, Miguel A.; Morett, Enrique
    Genetic variation within populations plays a crucial role in driving evolution. Unlike the average protein sequence, the evolution of homorepeats can be influenced by DNA replication slippage, when DNA polymerases either add or skip repeats of nucleotides. While there are some diseases known to be caused by abnormal changes in the length of amino acid homorepeats, naturally occurring variations in homorepeat length remain relatively unexplored. In our study, we examined the variation in amino acid homorepeat length of human individuals by analyzing 125 748 exomes, as well as 15 708 whole genomes. Our analyses revealed significant variability in homorepeat length across the human population, indicating that these motifs are prone to mutations at higher rates than non repeat sequences. We focused our study on glutamine homorepeats, also known as polyQ sequences, and found that shorter polyQ sequences tend to exhibit greater length variation, while longer ones primarily undergo deletions. Notably, polyQ sequencesthat are more conserved across primates tend to show less variation within the human population, indicating stronger selective pressure to maintain their length. Overall, our results demonstrate that there is large natural variation in the length of homorepeats within the human population, with no apparent impact on observable traits.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    DORQ-seq : high-throughput quantification of femtomol tRNA pools by combination of cDNA hybridization and Deep sequencing
    (2024) Kristen, Marco; Lander, Marc; Kilz, Lea-Marie; Gleue, Lukas; Jörg, Marko; Bregeon, Damien; Hamdane, Djemel; Marchand, Virginie; Motorin, Yuri; Friedland, Kristina; Helm, Mark
    Due to its high modification content tRNAs are notoriously hard to quantify by reverse transcription and RNAseq. Bypassing numerous biases resulting from concatenation of enzymatic treatments, we here report a hybrid approach that harnesses the advantages of hybridization-based and deep sequencing–based approaches. The method renders obsolete any RNAseq related workarounds and correction factors that affect accuracy, sensitivity, and turnaround time. Rather than by reverse transcription, quantitative information on the isoacceptor composition of a tRNA pool is transferred to a cDNA mixture in a single step procedure, thereby omitting all enzymatic conversations except for the subsequent barcoding PCR. As a result, a detailed tRNA composition matrix can be obtained from femtomolar amounts of total tRNA. The method is fast, low in cost, and its bioinformatic data workup surprisingly simple. These properties make the approach amenable to high-throughput investigations including clinical samples, as we have demonstrated by application to a collection of variegated biological questions, each answered with novel findings. These include tRNA pool quantification of polysome-bound tRNA, of tRNA modification knockout strains under stress conditions, and of Alzheimer patients’ brain tissues.
  • ItemSammelbandOpen Access
    Translating science in the 18th and 19th centuries : interdisciplinary perspectives
    (2025) Martin, Alison E; Pickford, Susan
    This book explores the role of translation in shaping the knowledge-sharing processes that were and are seminal to scientific endeavour. It considers the mechanisms by which eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European science writing travelled within and beyond its home continent and non- European science was taken up in a colonial context. Using insights from fields of research including book history and textual studies to investigate the paratextual framing, stylistic choices, rhetorical devices, and modes of expression deployed by scientific writers – key to shaping a work’s credibility and its author’s integrity –it argues that translators are central, yet largely overlooked, mediators in this creative process. Encompassing West Africa, China, the Middle East, India, South America, Europe, and the Ottoman Empire, this volume comprises case studies working with around a dozen different languages to gain a sense of how scientific narratives were evolving both within and across an increasingly global intellectual commons in a key period in the development of the natural sciences, medicine, and technology. Part of the Science and Technology Studies series, the volume will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of science and technology studies, philosophy of science, translation studies, gender studies, English literature, and philosophy in general.
  • ItemMonographieOpen Access
    Kämpfer auf dem Schlachtfeld – Kämpfer in den Texten : Schlachtenschilderungen in den historiografischen Quellen des 14. und beginnenden 15. Jahrhunderts
    (2024) Wiedmaier, Helen
    Anhand der Schlacht am Morgarten (1315) sowie der Schlachten von Gammelsdorf (1313), Mühldorf (1322) und Sempach (1389) untersucht Helen Wiedmaier exemplarisch, wie in der spätmittelalterlichen Historiographie Schlachten beschrieben und Männer als Kämpfer konstruiert wurden. Dafür werden die Schlachtenschilderungen in den Chroniken als Erzählungen verstanden und mittels narratologischer Analyseinstrumente untersucht. Die gewählten Schlachten bieten sich für eine solche Untersuchung aufgrund ihrer reichhaltigen Überlieferung an, da in allen Fällen die Perspektive der Sieger und Besiegten weitergegeben wurde, was die Möglichkeit bietet, unterschiedliche Intentionen und deren Umsetzung als Erzählungen zu untersuchen und zu vergleichen.
  • ItemSammelbandOpen Access
    Victors and vanquished in the Euro-Mediterranean : dealing with victory and defeat in the Middle Ages
    (2024) Pahlitzsch, Johannes; Rogge, Jörg
    The volume presents a comparative perspective on victors and vanquished according to the categories of remembering victory and defeat, practices of celebrating victory and triumphs as well as the culture of dealing with the vanquished. Specifically, the representation of victory and defeat in Byzantine literature of the 10th–12th centuries is contrasted with commemorative practices in early Russia, and the reflection of military events in courtly music of the 15th century is examined. In addition, the practices of celebrating victories in England in the High and Late Middle Ages are explored, as is the treatment of the defeated and the subjugated in the Frankish Empire of the 9th century, in Norman southern Italy and in Byzantium.
  • ItemMonographieOpen Access
    Die ›Kriegshistoriographie‹ des Orosius : ›Krieg‹ als Argumentationsmotiv in einem spätantiken christlichen Geschichtswerk
    (2025) Ulrich, Sonja
    Durch seine Art von historischer Darstellung will Orosius zeigen, dass das Christentum nicht verantwortlich ist für die Katastrophe seiner Zeit, die Plünderung Roms im Jahr 410 n. Chr. In ihrer Untersuchung nimmt die Autorin die zahlreichen Kriegsbeschreibungen des Orosius systematisch in den Blick. Dabei zeigt sich, wie Orosius durch seine Zusammenstellungen die vorchristliche Geschichte als Aneinanderreihung von Grausamkeit, Tod und Blutvergießen präsentieren kann, mit Eintreten der christlichen Zeit aber weitere Kriege und Unglücke stark von diesem vorigen Bild absetzt. Die christlichen Goten, die am Ende in Rom einfallen, verwandeln die Plünderung in eine heilige Prozession. Kriegerische Erfolge und bessere Zustände stehen so nach Orosius für die Überlegenheit des christlichen Glaubens.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    N-[(1Z)-Cyclo­dec-5-yn-1-yl­­idene]hydroxyl­amine
    (2025) Detert, Heiner; Schollmeyer, Dieter
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
  • ItemSammelbandOpen Access
    Humandifferenzierung im Vergleich
    (2025) Hirschauer, Stefan; Hofmann, Peter; Friedrichs, Anne; Schabacher, Gabriele
    Menschen sind laufend in Prozesse einseitiger oder wechselseitiger Kategorisierung involviert. Sie unterscheiden sich sowohl voneinander – etwa im Hinblick auf Alter, Geschlecht, Herkunft, Leistung, Konfession etc. – als auch von nicht-menschlichen Entitäten wie Tieren, Göttern oder Artefakten. Verstehen kann man einzelne Formen solcher Humandifferenzierungen jedoch nur, wenn man sie systematisch mit anderen Formen vergleicht. Wie solche Vergleiche konzeptuell anzulegen sind und empirisch durchgeführt werden können, ist Thema des vorliegenden transdisziplinär ausgerichteten Bandes.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Measuring appreciation made EA-SI-the development of a short scale to measure experienced appreciation in social interactions at work
    (2025) Resch, Maximilian Stefan; Nagelmann, Elena; Bellhäuser, Henrik
    Experienced appreciation at work is incongruently defined and measured in the scientific literature. Therefore, this article aims to give an overview of different definitions and measures of experienced appreciation at work to clarify the confusing state of research. Then, the new construct, Experienced Appreciation in Social Interactions (EA-SI) at Work, is introduced to counter the incongruency in defining experienced appreciation at work and to provide a reliable and comparable operationalization of the construct. In a second step, the article aims to develop and validate a short scale to measure EA-SI more time-efficiently. To do so, the instrument is derived from the original EA-SI Work Scale considering confirmatory factor analyses, artificial intelligence, and the evaluation of naïve and expert judges based on a sample of N = 391 employees. Subsequently, the EA-SI Work Scale (short) – including k = 4 items each for colleagues and supervisors as a source of experienced appreciation – is validated in a second independent sample with N = 323 participants. The assumptions of its theoretical framework (the Stress as Offense to Self-theory) and the relations between EA-SI and employee work engagement and burnout were tested to validate the short scale. Additionally, its internal consistency, convergent, and discriminant validity were determined. Social support was added as a control variable to test for EA-SI’s incremental predictive value. The results highlight the unidimensional structure of EA-SI and point toward high reliability and validity of the short scale. Conclusively, the limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in vertebrate tissues vary by diet type
    (2025) Reynard, Linda M.; Leichliter, Jennifer N.; Winkler, Daniela E.; Clauss, Marcus; Tütken, Thomas
    Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in proteinaceous tissues have been used for some time in migratory, ecological, and archaeological studies. While the result of isotopic variation in drinking water and diet has been investigated with controlled feeding experiments and studies in the wild, there are few controlled feeding studies that manipulate the diet components and diet type, and this across different taxa. In this experiment, the diet fed to rats, guinea pigs, and quail varied from plant-based to insect-based and meat-based pelleted diets. We report the diet to tissue offsets for δ2H (denoted Δδ2H) and δ18O (Δδ18O) of tissue-bound organic matter in two tissue types: muscle and dentine collagen. The diet to tissue offset varies by diet type in muscle of all three species, by up to 16 ‰ (Δδ2H) and 2 ‰ (Δδ18O). In dentine collagen, a range of ~20 ‰ in Δδ2H and ~1.5 ‰ in Δδ18O are observed across diets, though in a smaller number of samples. Additionally, we note large variation in Δδ2H and Δδ18O by tissue type (δ2H = ~60 ‰, δ18O = ~3–4 ‰) and more moderate differences by species (up to δ2H = 7.4 ‰, δ18O = 1.5 ‰). The difference in consumer tissue Δδ2H and Δδ18O by diet type is important to consider as a source of isotopic variability for some studies such as migratory research or diet or drinking water reconstructions and (palaeo-)climate inferences drawn from them, particularly in species that may vary their dietary habits.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Reaching the voters : parties' use of Google Ads in the 2021 German federal election
    (2024) Fitzpatrick, Jasmin; Nostitz, Felix-Christopher von
    Election campaigns during the pandemic showcased the increased use of costly digital campaigning by parties. While many studies focus on the use of Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and other social networking sites during elections, parties’ use of Google Ads remains widely unstudied. This is surprising given that parties spend a substantial proportion of their budget on Google Ads and Google reports on this spending and other details of the ads in its Transparency Report. Based on the equalisation vs. normalisation thesis, we identify party factors (size, age, government/opposition status, and electoral strongholds) that affect parties’ use of this instrument to a different degree in their campaigns. We aim to highlight parties’ use of Google Ads during the campaigns for the 2021 German Bundestag election, relying on the official data provided via Google’s Ad Library. We discuss both empirical work on the factors that determine the use of Google Ads and conceptual work on the merit and perils of such ads in democratic elections, and we present descriptive and exploratory findings of our deep dive into the archive of Google Ads.
  • ItemZeitschriftenaufsatzOpen Access
    Brain structural associations of syntactic complexity and diversity across schizophrenia spectrum and major depressive disorders, and healthy controls
    (2024) Schneider, Katharina; Alexander, Nina; Jansen, Andreas; Nenadić, Igor; Straube, Benjamin; Teutenberg, Lea; Thomas-Odenthal, Florian; Usemann, Paula; Dannlowski, Udo; Kircher, Tilo; Nagels, Arne; Stein , Frederike
    Deviations in syntax production have been well documented in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Recently, we have shown evidence for transdiagnostic subtypes of syntactic complexity and diversity. However, there is a lack of studies exploring brain structural correlates of syntax across diagnoses. We assessed syntactic complexity and diversity of oral language production using four Thematic Apperception Test pictures in a sample of N = 87 subjects (n = 24 major depressive disorder (MDD), n = 30 SSD patients both diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR, and n = 33 healthy controls (HC)). General linear models were used to investigate the association of syntax with gray matter volume (GMV), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Age, sex, total intracranial volume, group, interaction of group and syntax were covariates of no interest. Syntactic diversity was positively correlated with the GMV of the right medial pre- and postcentral gyri and with the FA of the left superior-longitudinal fasciculus (temporal part). Conversely, the AD of the left cingulum bundle and the forceps minor were negatively correlated with syntactic diversity. The AD of the right inferior-longitudinal fasciculus was positively correlated with syntactic complexity. Negative associations were observed between syntactic complexity and the FA of the left cingulum bundle, the right superior-longitudinal fasciculus, and the AD of the forceps minor and the left uncinate fasciculus. Our study showed brain structural correlates of syntactic complexity and diversity across diagnoses and HC. This contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between linguistic and neural substrates in syntax production in psychiatric disorders and HC.