Autoren:	Altmann, Christine Schmidt, Mirko HH
Titel:	The role of microglia in diabetic retinopathy : inflammation, microvasculature defects and neurodegeneration
Online-Publikationsdatum:	8-Jan-2019
Erscheinungsdatum:	2018
Sprache des Dokuments:	Englisch
Zusammenfassung/Abstract:	Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which appears in one third of all diabetic patients and is a prominent cause of vision loss. First discovered as a microvascular disease, intensive research in the field identified inflammation and neurodegeneration to be part of diabetic retinopathy. Microglia, the resident monocytes of the retina, are activated due to a complex interplay between the different cell types of the retina and diverse pathological pathways. The trigger for developing diabetic retinopathy is diabetes-induced hyperglycemia, accompanied by leukostasis and vascular leakages. Transcriptional changes in activated microglia, mediated via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, results in release of various pro inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, caspases and glutamate. Activated microglia additionally increased proliferation and migration. Among other consequences, these changes in microglia severely affected retinal neurons, causing increased apoptosis and subsequent thinning of the nerve fiber layer, resulting in visual loss. New potential therapeutics need to interfere with these diabetic complications even before changes in the retina are diagnosed, to prevent neuronal apoptosis and blindness in patients.
DDC-Sachgruppe:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Veröffentlichende Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Organisationseinheit:	FB 04 Medizin
Veröffentlichungsort:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-267
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hebis:77-publ-587561
Version:	Published version
Publikationstyp:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Nutzungsrechte:	CC BY
Informationen zu den Nutzungsrechten:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Zeitschrift:	International journal of molecular sciences 19 1
Seitenzahl oder Artikelnummer:	Art. 110
Verlag:	Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Verlagsort:	Basel
Erscheinungsdatum:	2018
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596
URL der Originalveröffentlichung:	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010110
DOI der Originalveröffentlichung:	10.3390/ijms19010110
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:	JGU-Publikationen