Monomer unfolding of a bacterial ESCRT-III superfamily member is coupled to oligomer disassembly

Abstract

The inner membrane associated protein of 30 kDa (IM30), a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT-III) superfamily, is crucially involved in the biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. In solution, IM30 assembles into various large oligomeric barrel- or tube-like structures, whereas upon membrane binding it forms large, flat carpet structures. Dynamic localization of the protein in solution, to membranes and changes of the oligomeric states are crucial for its in vivo function. ESCRT-III proteins are known to form oligomeric structures that are dynamically assembled from monomeric/smaller oligomeric proteins, and thus these smaller building blocks must be assembled sequentially in a highly orchestrated manner, a still poorly understood process. The impact of IM30 oligomerization on function remains difficult to study due to its high intrinsic tendency to homo-oligomerize. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the stability of individual helices in IM30 and identified unstable regions that may provide structural flexibility. Urea-mediated disassembly of the IM30 barrel structures was spectroscopically monitored, as well as changes in the protein's tertiary and secondary structure. The experimental data were finally compared to a three-state model that describes oligomer disassembly and monomer unfolding. In this study, we identified a highly stable conserved structural core of ESCRT-III proteins and discuss the advantages of having flexible intermediate structures and their putative relevance for ESCRT-III proteins.