Advancements in biosensing technology: novel strategies and devices for sensitive and specific detection of relevant biomolecules in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine

Abstract

Biosensors play a crucial role in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety, by providing rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of target analytes. Advancements in biosensing technology have the potential to revolutionize diagnostics and personalized medicine, enabling better disease management and improved patient outcomes. This thesis explores novel strategies and devices for the development of highly sensitive and specific biosensors for the detection of essential biomolecules, such as cardiac biomarkers and protein isoforms. The work includes an optimized deposition protocol for reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on silica-based substrates, enhancing the fabrication of electronic devices for various applications. A sensitive troponin cTnI immunoassay with a single monoclonal antibody and Surface Plasmon Fluorescence Spectroscopy (SPFS) detection is developed, enabling the analysis of cTnI at clinically relevant concentrations. The thesis also investigates the advantages of focused polyclonal aptamer libraries for increased performance and versatility in diagnostics and sensor technology. By functionalizing an rGO-FET device, selective discrimination between RBP4 isoforms at physiologically relevant concentrations is achieved, opening avenues for novel diagnostic markers. Finally, the thesis highlights the importance of considering additional factors in the development of cTnI biosensors to meet evolving clinical requirements. In conclusion, this thesis presents significant advancements in biosensing devices and strategies for the sensitive and specific detection of critical biomolecules, with promising implications for clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine.