Green diatom mutants reveal an intricate biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin

dc.contributor.authorBai, Yu
dc.contributor.authorCao, Tianjun
dc.contributor.authorDautermann, Oliver
dc.contributor.authorBuschbeck, Paul
dc.contributor.authorCantrell, Michael B.
dc.contributor.authorChen, Yinjuan
dc.contributor.authorLein, Christopher D.
dc.contributor.authorShi, Xiaohuo
dc.contributor.authorWare, Maxwell A.
dc.contributor.authorYang, Fenghua
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Huan
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Lihan
dc.contributor.authorPeers, Graham
dc.contributor.authorLi, Xiaobo
dc.contributor.authorLohr, Martin
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-11T11:27:44Z
dc.date.available2025-02-11T11:27:44Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractFucoxanthin is a major light-harvesting pigment in ecologically important algae such as diatoms, haptophytes, and brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Therefore, it is a major driver of global primary productivity. Species of these algal groups are brown colored because the high amounts of fucoxanthin bound to the proteins of their photosynthetic machineries enable efficient absorption of green light. While the structure of these fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins has recently been resolved, the biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin is still unknown. Here, we identified two enzymes central to this pathway by generating corresponding knockout mutants of the diatom <jats:italic>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</jats:italic> that are green due to the lack of fucoxanthin. Complementation of the mutants with the native genes or orthologs from haptophytes restored fucoxanthin biosynthesis. We propose a complete biosynthetic path to fucoxanthin in diatoms and haptophytes based on the carotenoid intermediates identified in the mutants and in vitro biochemical assays. It is substantially more complex than anticipated and reveals diadinoxanthin metabolism as the central regulatory hub connecting the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle and the formation of fucoxanthin. Moreover, our data show that the pathway evolved by repeated duplication and neofunctionalization of genes for the xanthophyll cycle enzymes violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase. Brown algae lack diadinoxanthin and the genes described here and instead use an alternative pathway predicted to involve fewer enzymes. Our work represents a major step forward in elucidating the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and understanding the evolution, biogenesis, and regulation of the photosynthetic machinery in algae.en
dc.description.sponsorship(China Postdoctoral Science Foundation|2020M681939, U.S. Department of Energy|DE-SC0018344, MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China|2019YFA0906300)
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-11416
dc.identifier.urihttps://openscience.ub.uni-mainz.de/handle/20.500.12030/11437
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsCC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc570 Biowissenschaftende
dc.subject.ddc570 Life sciencesen
dc.titleGreen diatom mutants reveal an intricate biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthinen
dc.typeZeitschriftenaufsatz
elements.depositor.primary-group-descriptorFachbereich Biologie
elements.object.id181063
elements.object.labelsfucoxanthin
elements.object.labelsbiosynthesis
elements.object.labelsxanthophyll cycle
elements.object.labelsdiatoms
elements.object.labelshaptophytes
elements.object.labelsDiatoms
elements.object.labelsCarotenoids
elements.object.labelsXanthophylls
elements.object.labelsBiosynthetic Pathways
elements.object.labelsPhaeophyceae
elements.object.labelsbiosynthesis
elements.object.labelsdiatoms
elements.object.labelsfucoxanthin
elements.object.labelshaptophytes
elements.object.labelsxanthophyll cycle
elements.object.labelsBiosynthetic Pathways
elements.object.labelsCarotenoids
elements.object.labelsDiatoms
elements.object.labelsPhaeophyceae
elements.object.labelsXanthophylls
elements.object.typejournal-article
jgu.journal.issue38
jgu.journal.titleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
jgu.journal.volume119
jgu.organisation.departmentFB 10 Biologie
jgu.organisation.nameJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
jgu.organisation.number7970
jgu.organisation.placeMainz
jgu.organisation.rorhttps://ror.org/023b0x485
jgu.pages.alternativee2203708119
jgu.publisher.doi10.1073/pnas.2203708119
jgu.publisher.eissn1091-6490
jgu.publisher.issn0027-8424
jgu.publisher.licenceCC BY-NC-ND
jgu.publisher.nameProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
jgu.publisher.year2022
jgu.rights.accessrightsopenAccess
jgu.subject.ddccode570
jgu.subject.dfgLebenswissenschaften
jgu.type.contenttypeScientific article
jgu.type.dinitypeArticleen_GB
jgu.type.resourceText
jgu.type.versionPublished version

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