Hydro- and morphodynamic tsunami simulations for western Greece compared with sedimentary field traces
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Abstract
Based on sedimentary field traces and hydro- and morphodynamic numerical simulations, this PhD thesis focuses on pre-/historical tsunamis in the northern Gulf of Kyparissia and in the Ambrakian Gulf (western Greece). For the first study area, different digital elevation models (DEM) are created, which represent the recent topography and the contemporary palaeotopography of prehistorical tsunami impacts indicated by field data. Considering the palaeo-/DEMs and two tsunami waveforms (solitary and leading-depression N-waves (LDN-waves)), the effects of both, different palaeo-/topographies and various hydrodynamic boundary conditions, on the onshore tsunami response in the numerical model are methodologically investigated. The results allow the reconstruction of local palaeotsunami inundation dynamics for three key locations in the northern Gulf of Kyparissia. For the Ambrakian Gulf, 151 vibracores are analysed with regard to sedimentary tsunami signals in the geological record. Using a hydro- and morphodynamic numerical tsunami model, various LDN-waves are simulated in order to find scenarios that match the spatial distribution of detected tsunami deposits in the field. For both, the northern Gulf of Kyparissia and the Ambrakian Gulf, close agreement is achieved between simulation results and field data. Contrary to conventional tsunami simulation studies for western Greece without validation using field observations, high tsunami risks are derived for both study areas.