Autoren:	Hundertmark, Marica Hess, Cornelius Röhrich, Jörg Wunder, Cora Losacker, Moritz
Titel:	Analysis of tetramisole metabolites : is “Aminorex” found in forensic samples of cocaine users actually 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone?
Online-Publikationsdatum:	12-Sep-2023
Erscheinungsdatum:	2023
Sprache des Dokuments:	Englisch
Zusammenfassung/Abstract:	Phenyltetrahydroimidazothiazole (PTHIT, tetramisole) is a common adulterant in cocaine samples. Little is known about its human metabolism. p-hydroxy-PTHIT has long been the only proven phase-I-metabolite. Another putative metabolite is the stimulant aminorex. However, data on its analytical proof is rare and contradictory. Even less known is its constitutional isomer 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone which has only been proven in animal samples so far. The aim of the study was to get insight into the metabolism of PTHIT after controlled nasal uptake of PTHIT and in real forensic cocaine/benzoylecgonine-positive samples. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was validated for quantification of 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone and p-hydroxy-PTHIT (LOQ 0.05 ng/ml each). Selectivity was ensured for 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone and aminorex (LOD 0.05 ng/ml). After controlled nasal uptake of tetramisole (10 mg, n = 3) a shorter half-life for p-hydroxy-PTHIT (3.4–5.8 h) was determined than for 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone (14.0–15.9 h). p-hydroxy-PTHIT (33%) and 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone (51%) were also detected in serum samples from cocaine users tested previously positive for PTHIT (n = 73). Aminorex was never detected. The potential of misinterpreting 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone as aminorex was tested using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method used in the literature and an in-house liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF) screening-method. Using GC–MS the analysed bis-trimethylsilyl-derivatives cannot be differentiated due to co-elution. Both substances were chromatographically separated using the LC-QTOF method, but library comparison workflows misinterpreted 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone as aminorex. It seems likely that aminorex, which was allegedly identified as a metabolite of PTHIT in samples of cocaine users in previous studies, is in fact 4-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone.
DDC-Sachgruppe:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Veröffentlichende Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Organisationseinheit:	FB 04 Medizin
Veröffentlichungsort:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-9535
Version:	Published version
Publikationstyp:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Nutzungsrechte:	CC BY
Informationen zu den Nutzungsrechten:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Zeitschrift:	Drug testing and analysis 15 8
Seitenzahl oder Artikelnummer:	865 878
Verlag:	Wiley
Verlagsort:	Hoboken, NJ
Erscheinungsdatum:	2023
ISSN:	1942-7611
DOI der Originalveröffentlichung:	10.1002/dta.3482
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:	DFG-491381577-H