Autoren:	Müller-Heupt, Lena Katharina Wiesmann-Imilowski, Nadine Kaya, Sebahat Schumann, Sven Steiger, Maximilian Bjelopavlovic, Monika Deschner, James Al-Nawas, Bilal Lehmann, Karl Martin
Titel:	Effectiveness and safety of over-the-counter tooth-whitening agents compared to hydrogen peroxide in vitro
Online-Publikationsdatum:	22-Mai-2023
Erscheinungsdatum:	2023
Sprache des Dokuments:	Englisch
Zusammenfassung/Abstract:	(1) This study investigated the whitening effect, cytotoxicity and enamel surface alterations induced by different over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents in comparison to hydrogen peroxide. (2) Human teeth (n = 60) were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n = 10), stained with coffee solution for 7 d, followed by a whitening period of 7 d with either placebo, bromelain, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chlorite, PAP or hydrogen peroxide. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were taken to assess the enamel structure. Cytotoxicity of the tested substances was assessed based on the cell viability of primary human fibroblasts. (3) The application of all whitening gels resulted in a greater color difference of the enamel (ΔE) in comparison to the negative control. Hydrogen peroxide caused the greatest color difference. Bromelain and PAP treatment showed no enamel surface changes, in contrast to hydrogen peroxide treatment, which showed very mild interprismatic dissolution. Bromelain was the only non-cytotoxic agent. (4) The maximum effect achieved by all OTC bleaching agents was the removal of stains, whereas hydrogen peroxide was capable of further whitening the teeth. Bromelain treatment was neither cytotoxic, nor resulted in enamel surface alterations, and its whitening effect was less, yet still effective, compared to hydrogen peroxide.
DDC-Sachgruppe:	610 Medizin 610 Medical sciences
Veröffentlichende Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Organisationseinheit:	FB 04 Medizin
Veröffentlichungsort:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-9097
Version:	Published version
Publikationstyp:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Weitere Angaben zur Dokumentart:	Scientific article
Nutzungsrechte:	CC BY
Informationen zu den Nutzungsrechten:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Zeitschrift:	International journal of molecular sciences 24 3
Seitenzahl oder Artikelnummer:	1956
Verlag:	Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Verlagsort:	Basel
Erscheinungsdatum:	2023
ISSN:	1422-0067
URL der Originalveröffentlichung:	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031956
DOI der Originalveröffentlichung:	10.3390/ijms24031956
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:	DFG-491381577-G