Autoren:	Wagner, Fabio Preuss, Holger Könecke, Thomas
Titel:	A central element of Europe’s football ecosystem : competitive intensity in the “big five”
Online-Publikationsdatum:	2-Nov-2021
Erscheinungsdatum:	2021
Sprache des Dokuments:	Englisch
Zusammenfassung/Abstract:	This study perceives professional European football as one of the most relevant event-related entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) worldwide. It also identifies a healthy sporting competition in the five most popular European football leagues (Spain, England, Germany, Italy, and France), the “big five,” as a key pillar for the functioning of this ecosystem. By applying a quantitative approach, competitive intensity (CI) is measured for all big five leagues for 21 seasons (1998/99 to 2018/19). The chosen method does not only convey an overall indication of the competitive health of the entire league but also provides detailed information on the four important sub-competitions (championship race, qualification for Champions League or Europa League, and the fight against relegation). In all five leagues, seasonal CI tends to decrease over time, and especially over the last decade. The main reason is a decline in the intensity of the championship race while all other sub-competitions show relatively robust CI values. Overall, it can be concluded that the competitive health of the big five is intact, but the dwindling CI of the championship races can harm the EE of professional European football in the long run. Accordingly, it should be closely monitored in the future.
DDC-Sachgruppe:	796 Sport 796 Athletic and outdoor sports and games
Veröffentlichende Institution:	Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Organisationseinheit:	FB 02 Sozialwiss., Medien u. Sport
Veröffentlichungsort:	Mainz
ROR:	https://ror.org/023b0x485
DOI:	http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-6422
Version:	Published version
Publikationstyp:	Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Nutzungsrechte:	CC BY
Informationen zu den Nutzungsrechten:	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Zeitschrift:	Sustainability 13 6
Seitenzahl oder Artikelnummer:	3097
Verlag:	MDPI
Verlagsort:	Basel
Erscheinungsdatum:	2021
ISSN:	2071-1050
URL der Originalveröffentlichung:	https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063097
DOI der Originalveröffentlichung:	10.3390/su13063097
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:	JGU-Publikationen